Ken Blake said:
There are exceptions in English, but in general the "g" before "e" and
"i" is pronounced "dj," and before other letters is pronounced "gh."
[When discussing this (the "soft g"), why do we so often put a d in
front of the j? It's similar to the question of why we anglicise the
surname of the composer of the 1812 overture - and many similar Russian
names - as beginning with a T.]
"For every gift there is a gin" (or it might have been the other way
round), as my mother used to say regarding the pronunciation of our
surname. (We pronounce it with a soft g, ji-. Since online has increased
and I've been able to ask, I've found usage among other Gillivers is
about fifty-fifty. [Gullivers I think all use a hard g.])
For example, here's an English word with "ga" which is correctly
pronounced with a hard "gh", but which almost everyone pronounces
wrong: "margarine."
There's an English word almost everybody pronounces wrong; I'll put it
at the end of this post just before the delimiter.
In Italian (which I'm not fluent in, but is the foreign language I
know the best), as far as I know, there are no exceptions to that
rule.
Many - I'd venture to say most, but I don't know that many; certainly
most of the ones I know or have a nodding acquaintance with (French,
German, Spanish, Italian, Latin, Dutch, even Welsh ...) - languages are
pretty phonetic in spelling. The rules are sometimes a bit obscure, and
you need a good ear (e. g. for the French "-erent" verb ending), but
once you've learnt them, you know how it will sound. I think I could
read out a passage in most of those and be at least 90-95% correct in
pronunciation, even if I hadn't a clue what they were about. (I'd get
the stresses wrong, probably.)
Can you come up with English words in which the "g" in "ga" is
pronound "gh"? There are very few, but here are two: "algae" and
"gaol."
As others have said, the -ae is a special case. I'd have expected it to
have atrophied into something else by now - like the one in
encyclopaedia, which (especially in leftpondia) has often morphed into
-e- - except that in algae, it's not easy to see what it would morph
into.
wrong
--
J. P. Gilliver. UMRA: 1960/<1985 MB++G()AL-IS-Ch++(p)Ar@T+H+Sh0!:`)DNAf
We've reach the point where 'polluter pays' means 'may hand out some
brooms for others to clear up the mess in their living rooms'.
- Jim Lesurf in uk.tech.broadcast, 2013-2-21
(about spectrum, but true in general)