If the laptop has ESATA, then your best bet would be to shop for an
ESATA enclosure. Chances are, the enclosure will have ESATA and USB2,
so you'll have two options for later.
Here is an example of a 2.5" enclosure for $25. This comes with no
hard drive. You move the hard drive from the old enclosure, to the new
one. The drive just snaps into the internal SATA connector of the
enclosure (very smooth).
http://www.newegg.com/Product/Product.aspx?Item=N82E16817392009
The first review on that one is interesting, as it says:
"eSATA does not work with my Dell Studio 1737 laptop. It works on all
my other systems. Might be the laptop, USB works fine."
The manual here, says the order of connection is ESATA cable first,
then USB cable, and the USB cable carries bus power so that the
drive is powered while you're using ESATA as the data interface.
The order of (hot) connection of cables is important, because the
drive detects which interface to use, based on cable installation
order. You connect the ESATA cable first, so that when the USB cable
is connected second, the drive detects the ESATA termination impedance
and switches to ESATA mode. No data then travels over the USB cable, and
the USB just carries power.
http://www.vantecusa.com/system/application/media/data_file/nst-260_user_manual4.pdf
If you connect just the USB cable, then both data and power flow over the
USB cable and the drive stays in USB mode until it is powered off.
*******
When using ESATA, you need a source of power. The newest form of ESATA
connector is ESATAp, which includes power pins. Both ends of the link
would need to support this new option, for it to work. With ESATAp,
there would be no need to worry about power any more. There is a picture
of the connector here.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ESATAp
"On a notebook, eSATAp can supply up to 5v to power up a 2.5" HDD/SSD.
On a desktop workstation, it can supply up to 12v to power up larger
devices including 3.5" HDD/SSD or 5.25" optical drives."
*******
The housing of the enclosure also has a +5VDC input jack, which you can
connect an external adapter (or a power only USB cable). If you use an adapter,
then only the ESATA cable needs to be connected to the laptop.
http://images17.newegg.com/is/image/newegg/17-392-009-Z06?$S640W$
If you use the USB2 interface on the enclosure alone, the laptop can power the
hard drive using bus power. Sometimes. As long as the drive doesn't draw
too much power. If the drive installed in the enclosure draws too much power,
then you either need a "Y" USB cable and two available USB ports on the laptop,
or, you can use an external adapter.
*******
In the preceding sections, you can see the focus is on providing a power
source, and making sure the cables are connected in a certain order, in
order that the drive start up in the proper mode. Failure to follow the
rules, either results in the drive using the wrong interface, or the
drive may not have enough power to spin the platters.
*******
It's possible ESATA and USB3, single drive enclosures will show up some
day soon.
I'd say your problem can be solved for $25 and a little work with a screwdriver.
Some pre-built external hard drives, are hard to disassemble, in which case
it is smarter to buy a raw 2.5" hard drive to install in your new enclosure.
Paul